Energy-saving and environmentally friendly electric vehicles have become an inevitable trend in the automotive industry. However, while car companies in various countries are concentrating on research and development of electric vehicle technologies, the charging standards of electric vehicles are also important factors affecting their popularity. With the increasing support of electric vehicles in various countries and the construction of charging stations, the standards of various countries have faced a direct conflict. Here for you to sort out the four major charging connector standards currently on the market.
1, Combo
Combo sockets allow slow and fast charging of electric vehicles. They are the most widely used socket types in Europe, including Audi, BMW, Chrysler, Daimler, Ford, GM, Porsche, and Volkswagen. All are equipped with SAE (American Society of Automotive Engineers) ) The charging interface developed.
On October 2, 2012, SAE J1772 revised draft voted by SAE related committee members became the only formal DC charging standard in the world. The introduction of this standard is to change the status quo of hybrid charging systems and increase consumers' enthusiasm for purchasing electric vehicles. The core of the fast charging standard based on the revised version of J1772 is the Combo Connector.
The previous version of the standard (developed in 2010) clarified the specifications of the basic J1772 connector used for AC charging, with low charging levels (AC Level 1 for 120V and Level 2 for 240V). This basic connector has been widely used today and is compatible with Nissan LEAF, Chevrolet Volanda and Mitsubishi i-MiEV electric vehicles. The Combo Connector in the new version of the J1772 standard developed in 2012, in addition to having all the original functions, has two additional pins that can be used for DC fast charging, but it is not compatible with older electric vehicles currently produced.
Pros: The biggest benefit of the Combo Connector is that in the future car manufacturers can use a socket on their new models, which is not only suitable for the basic AC connector of the smaller first generation, but also for the larger Combo Connector of the second generation. The latter can provide both DC and AC currents, which are charged at two different speeds.
Disadvantages: The charging station needs to provide a maximum of 500 volts and 200 amps in fast charge mode.
2, CHAdeMO
DeCHadeMO is the abbreviation of CHAgede Move. It is a CHAdeMO socket supported by Nissan and Mitsubishi Motors in Japan. CHAdeMO translated from Japanese means "charging time is as short as tea break". This DC fast charging socket can provide a maximum charging capacity of 50kw.
Electric vehicle models that support this charging standard include: Nissan Leifen, Mitsubishi Outlander plug-in hybrid, Citroen C-ZERO, Peugeot iON, Citroen Berlingo, Peugeot Partner, Mitsubishi i-MiEV, Mitsubishi MINICAB-MiEV, Mitsubishi MINICAB-MiEV truck , Honda Fit electric version, Mazda Demio EV, Subaru Stella plug-in hybrid, Nissan eEV200, etc. It should be noted here that Nissan LEAF and Mitsubishi i-MiEV electric vehicles have two different charging sockets, one of which is suitable for the basic J1772 connector, which is the Combo connector introduced in the first part; the other is suitable for Japanese-made CHAdeMO standard connector.
De CHAdeMO uses a fast charging method as shown in the figure, and the current is controlled by the CAN bus signal of the car. That is, while monitoring the battery status, calculate the current value required for charging in real time, and send a notification to the charger through the communication line; the fast charger receives the current command from the car in time and provides the current according to the specified value.
The battery management system monitors the battery status and controls the current in real time, fully implementing the functions required for fast and safe charging, ensuring that charging is not restricted by the universality of the battery. In Japan, 1154 quick chargers installed in accordance with CHAdeMO standards have been put into use. In the United States, CHAdeMO's charging stations have also been widely "spread the net." The latest data from the US Department of Energy shows that there are currently 1,344 CHAdeMO AC fast charging stations in the United States.
Advantages: In addition to the data control line, CHAdeMO also uses the CAN bus as the communication interface. Due to its superior noise resistance and high error detection capability, communication stability and reliability are high. Its good charging safety record has been affirmed by the industry.
Disadvantages: CHAdeMO's original design output of charging power is 100 kilowatts, and the connector is very bulky, but the output power of the charging car is only 50 kilowatts. 3. Tesla Tesla car has its own set of charging standards, claiming to be able to fully charge more than 300 kilometers in 30 minutes. Therefore, its charging socket has a maximum capacity of 120kw and a maximum current of 80A. At present, Tesla has 908 super charging stations in the United States. To enter China, Tesla has also established 7 supercharging stations in China, including 3 in Shanghai, 2 in Beijing, 1 in Hangzhou, and 1 in Shenzhen. In addition, in order to better integrate into various regions, Tesla plans to abandon control of charging standards and adopt national standards of various countries, which has already been implemented in China.